Types of research strategies

Types of research strategies The research strategy for this dissertation was established by adopting a way which the research objectives can be answered. There are two main types of research strategies: quantitative and qualitative. When deciding upon which research strategy to adopt one would have to identify the purpose of the study and the type and availability of the information that is required (Naoum, 1998). Both research methods are interconnected and have been considered by scholars to complement each other. Quantitative research is generally objective in nature although some may argue that it can be subjective as well. Creswell, (1994) defines quantitative research as an enquiry into social or human problem based on testing a hypothesis or a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and analysed with statistical procedures in order to determine whether the hypothesis or the theory holds true. Quantitative data therefore involves measurements of tangible, countable, sensate features of the world. (Bouman Atkinson, 1995). A limitation of this research approach is that it depends on available or readily statistical data that can be analysed; therefore it is not suitable for testing new subjects/concepts with limited available data. Qualitative research on the other hand is subjective in nature and mainly concentrates on opinions and perceptions rather than hard measurable data. Types of qualitative research methods include, but are not limited to, literature review, questionnaires etc. This dissertation was mainly researched using this type of research strategy because of its flexibility in acquiring data for subjects with limited publications. It has been noted to be divisible into two types; Exploratory research which is used where the researcher does not have extensive or has limited knowledge of the research area. The interview technique is often used as the primary method of data collection under this strategy. Attitudinal research is a subjective method that evaluates people` s opinions or views about a subject. Specific questions are formulated along with a set range of answers of varying degrees from which the respondent chooses a response. From a review of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches, it was determined that the quantitative research strategy would be used in conjunction with qualitative research, but not to a larger extent than at first envisaged because of limited access to numerical and statistical data from industrial property agents as they deemed the information confidential. Attitudinal Research: Interviews were utilised to gather data which can be used to determine the attitude of professionals within the industrial property market. From the information gathered within the interviews the results can be analysed to establish how industrial speculative developments play a role in the property market during periods of economic instability. It was decided that the interview questions would be sent to surveyors and industrial property agents and specialists based in areas where warehousing / distribution centres are predominant, particularly the East and West Midlands. Time was the limiting factor which could not allow for face to face interviews. The interview questions were directed to the individual responsible for answering the questions. In addition to emails sent to industrial property agents, telephone interviews were conducted. Admittedly, there is no way of knowing whether the individual or other senior member of staff actually completed the questions. The targeted interviewees were: Industrial property agents and surveyors around Nottingham and Birmingham. Industrial agents and developers ProLogis, who specialise in large industrial portfolios, including the case study for this research, The Golden Triangle. The questions that formed the basis of the interviews can be found in Appendix 1. The answers and comments acquired from the interviews have undoubtedly led to additional questions and a greater level of understanding. Case Study: A case study has been used with a view of providing an in-depth account of events, relationships, experiences or processes occurring in that particular instance (Denscombe, 1998). A case study of The Golden Triangle was carried out with a view that it would provide an in-depth analysis on how speculative developments in the industrial property market impact on the economy of the local area and how subsequently speculative developments impact on the economy in general. When deciding upon the case study which would prove suitable for the purpose of the research, three types of case study designs were considered; Descriptive case study considered to be similar to concept of the descriptive survey (i.e. counting). Analytical case study similar to the concept of the analytical survey (i.e. counting, association and relationship) except its applied on detailed cases). Explanatory case study theoretical approach to the problem. Source: Naoum, 1998. The theoretical way of selection (explanatory) was chosen for this research as it presented three ways of approaching the study: A typical case the findings can be generalised. An extreme case a contrast with the normal situation and least likely case. A particular case as test carried out for theory purposes to ascertain relevance of the case for previous theory. Limitations of Research: nterviews: The population used for the interviews was small and therefore there is a likelihood that the information provided by the respondents is limited to the experiences of the respondents which may not accurately depict the state of the subject matter. Due to time constraints, the assessment focused only on the surveyor and developers side. It would have been ideal to interview industrialists/occupiers as well so as to uncover any issues that are particular to them and may have been missed by the surveyors and developers. Interviews were carried out as they enable face to face interactions which enabled further questions to be raised during the interview session but as already mentioned; interviews were conducted via email except for a few face to face sessions. Telephone interviews were also carried out but it was viewed that this has the potential to lead to some bias developing that may mislead respondents. However, this approach was the most appropriate/practical given the time constraints of the respondent concerned.

Enlightened by Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye :: Bluest Eye Essays

Enlightened by Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye Over the course of our study of the American novel, we have experienced a kaleidoscope of components that help define it. We traveled back in time to learn what kinds of novels were being written and how they were being written. We were introduced to the likes of Harold Frederic's Theron Ware, Henry James's Dr. Sloper and Catherine, and Nathaniel Hawthorne's Blithedale Romance. We saw, through these novels and characters, how literature of the past affects literature of today. We also read novels from various regions of North America. We had a glimpse of northern writers and their culture such as Alice Munro, and her stories of Canada. We sampled Willa Cather who gave us a taste of the early southwest through Father's Latour and Vaillant. We read about different religious ideals, from Theron's Methodism to Father Latour's Catholicism, to Hazel Mote's The Church of Christ without Christ, to Jonah's (futuristic) Bokononism; each religion, in its own way, reflecting a different aspect of American religious zeal. And we have heard from a number of southern writers like O'Connor, Faulkner, and Porter. We begin, through characters like Miranda and Anse, to glimpse a southern language and way of living. It seems only fitting now, that we be introduced to another element of the American novel: ethnic culture. The addition of Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye is the perfect choice. Through the voices of her black characters, she reveals a broad spectrum of black culture during the 1930's and 1940's. We get a glimpse of the middle class through Claudia and her family, who maintain a sense of dignity and pride. In the first chapter, she tells us, "Being a minority in both caste and class, we moved about anyway on the hem of life, struggling to consolidate our weaknesses and hang on, or to creep singly up into the major folds of the garment" (17). We encounter the desperately poor through the Breedlove family, Cholly, Pauline, and Pecola, each choosing a different means to escape the harsh reality of their lives. For example, Pecola dreams of having blue eyes, then she would be accepted, loved, respected, and beautiful.

Modern Management Essay

Today, individuals are sometimes naà ¯ve to believe that modern management is a result of recent practices, theories, and ideas. Some believe the general structure of management and how human resources are carefully planned is the direct result of today’s contributors. They are erroneous to believe such. This commentary will explore the histories of management while cultivating the reader concerning the development of modern management and supervision as it is the result of the evolution of management that began in the nineteenth century involving slavery, railroads, and legal issues. Assignment 1.2 – Development of Modern Management Modern management has a distinctive composition consisting of managers, administrative practices, personnel, and capital. Many individuals are naà ¯ve in their perception of today’s management believing it is a direct result of recent practices, theories, and concepts; however, historians argue differently. Historians have taken readers on a journey through the history of management, while educating people concerning the management of slaves, railroads, and legal issues – the pillars of modern-day management. Slavery â€Å"American slavery has been wrongfully excluded from histories of management. By 1860, when the historical orthodoxy has modern management emerging on the railroads, 38,000 managers were managing the 4 million slaves working in the US economy.† (Cooke, 2003) Slave trade greatly influenced the management era. Slaves were responsible for farming, construction, irrigation, housekeeping, child-care, cooking, and much more. This surplus of human resources and capital required managers which eventually led divisions of management. Slave owners hired managers to supervise the slaves while wives oftentimes supervised slaves who worked as housekeepers and cooks. Managers were responsible for setting the expectations of the slaves and theirrespective daily duties. Slave owners oftentimes delegated authority and responsibilities to the manager who in-turn commanded the workers. Although slave management contributed to modern management practices, it has not been viewed by many histor ians to be a form of management. â€Å"Throughout the era of slavery the Negro was treated in a very inhuman fashion. He was considered a thing to be used, not a person to be respected. He was merely a depersonalized cog in a vast plantation machine.† (Cooke, 2003) The treatment of slaves and the criticism of such behavior as seen today have led many individuals to overlook slave management as a contribution to modern principles and ideas. Many historians prefer to give more credit to the railroads. â€Å"Of course, such a history would equally challenge any version of the history of management which explicitly or otherwise excludes slavery.† (Cooke, 2003) Slavery brought about new and innovative ideas regarding human resources. Slaves worked the plantations, which sometimes were hundreds of acres, and they were managed by individuals designated by the owner. Managing slaves required a great deal of time management, conflict resolution, capital expenditures, and even slave trading. â€Å"The chain of command went upwards from drivers to overseers to masters. Always there was obedience. † (Cooke, 2003) The management of slaves required a chain of command to be operational. Slaves answered to their overseer and overseers answered to their masters. This form of organizational structure allowed for delegation, communication, and duties to flow smoothly. In comparison, modern management structure is quite similar in nature. For example, McDonalds franchise has such a structure. For example, crew members are tasked with the job of handling customer orders, cooking, and cleaning and they answer to a shift leader. The shift leader is responsible for ensuring the crew works diligently and effectively. The shift leader answers to the assistant manager or store manager who is responsible for the overall mission of the store. The store manager would report to the owner or in the case of slavery – master. â€Å"The slaveowner urges the slave to ‘be a man’ and commands the slaves to put things to rights. They gathered around him in their helplessness, trusting implicitly in his judgment, receiving his rapid comprehensive orders† (Cooke, 2003). Likewise, modern management structure delegate managers to encourage and motivate employees to work more effectively and sometimes harder. Although there are compelling reason s whyhistorians choose not to regard the management of slaves as a contribution to modern management, the fact remains that slave owners contributed to the body of knowledge concerning management. Yes, many would agree that slavery was cruel and involved unusual punishment and treatment, but it helped shaped today’s management. †¦it is shown slavery is included within capitalism by many historians; we also see plantations as a site of the emergence of industrial discipline. Second, ante-bellum slavery is demonstrated to have been managed according to classical management and Taylorian principles. Third, those doing the managing are shown to have been employed at the time as ‘managers’. In the idea of the manger, and of scientific and classical management slavery has therefore left an ongoing imprint in management practice and thought. A strong argument is made for not just for postcolonisalist accounts of management, but for management histories in which anti-African-American racism is a continuing strand. The fundamental significance of the article however is its identification of slavery as of intrinsic, but hitherto denied, relevance to management s tudies. (Cooke, 2003) There are many compelling reasons why historians choose to ignore the management of slaves as a contribution to the evolution of management. Some think it will stir up some sort of controversy. Slavery was not the only major contributor to the evolution of management. Railroads  Like slavery, the railroads played a significant role in the evolution of management. â€Å"The railroads had to be innovators in many of the ways of modern corporate management†¦railroad managers were forced to work out the basic methods of communication and control essential to the operations of the modern business corporation.† (Chandler, 1965) Unlike many other industries during 1850’s, the railroads were faced with new challenges that required innovative management and administrative ideas. In an effort to sustain business, the railroads had to devise ways to resolve issues efficiently and effectively. â€Å"The railroaders were innovators not because they were necessarily more perceptive, energetic, or imaginative than other contemporary businessmen, but rather because they were the first to face the challenge of handling efficiently large amounts of men, money, and materials within a single business unit.† (Chandler, 1965) The size and co mplexity of the railroads forced the managers of railroads to be pioneers of management. The railroads required more operating expenses and start-up costs than any other industry during that time. Size was only one dimension of the unique challenges facing managers of the new, large railroads in the 1850’s. Their day-to-day operations called for far many more and far more complex decisions than did the working of a mill, canal, or a steamship line. Unlike a textile company, whose group of mills could be viewed within half an hour, a railroad was spread over hundreds of miles and included a wide variety of activities and facilities such as shops, terminals, stations, warehouses, office buildings†¦and so forth†¦So every day railroad managers had to make decisions controlling the activities of many men to whom they rarely talked or even ever saw. (Chandler, 1965) The railroad managers pioneered corporate management through their skillful use of time, communication, transportation, capital, and human resources. Many new positions within the organization were created to aid management. For example, chief clerks, senior financial officers, and secretaries were just a few positions crafted to help sustain the organization. The chief clerks and financial officers helped the organization use time and finances effectively. In comparison to slavery, the railroads had an unparallel influence on modern management through the use of innovation. Legal Construction Similar to the contributions of slavery and railroad management, legal construction played a role in the evolution of management. During the 1830’s, many industrial plants were ‘on the rise’, which led to the creation of many new employment opportunities. The industrial revolution offered jobs to the working-class, while also offering dangerous work environments. Many individuals were employed in factories with large mechanical machines. Although these machines helped the company with productivity and efficiency, they posed a tremendous amount of safety and health risks. Many companies were faced with unprecedented lawsuits as a result of employee injuries. The suit mounted by Gilham Banes was the first of a flood of suits alleging that employers were legally obliged to compensate employees for injuries arising in the course of their employment that came before American courts in the quarter century prior to the Civil War. This new phenomenon of employer liability suits marked a decisive moment in American labor and legal history, for it confronted courts with a demand that they impose on employers a clear legal obligation to safeguard their employees’ present and future earning capacity commensurate with the employer’s claim to the employees’ obedience on the job. (Tomlins, 1988) Conclusion Although many historians disagree, the management of slavery made many important contributions to modern management. Through the use of many positions such as overseers and masters, slave owners were able to manage thousands of slaves in different capacities. Many individuals choose to disregard the management of slavery on the basis of racism and the bad criticism surround it; however, the management of slavery has shaped management as many know it today. The railroads also made huge contributions to modern management. Positions such as clerks and financial officers are still widely used today to sustain business operations. The managers of railroads were able to communicate over long distances and keep business operational. Legal construction, like railroads and slavery, helped shaped the management structure. Employers now abide by laws that protect workers against harm on the job. Many historians rate different industries as contributing the most to modern management, but slavery , railroads, and legal construction has shaped management in an unparallel way. References Chandler, A. D. (1965). The railroads: Pioneers in modern corporate management. The Business History Review, 39(1), 16-40. Cooke, B. (2003). The denial of slavery in management studies. Journal of Management Studies, 40(8), 1895-1918. Tomlins, C. L. (1988). The mysterious power: Industrial accidents and the legal construction of employment relations in Massachusetts, 1800-1850. Law and History Review, 6(2), 375-438.

Developing Independent Leader Skills - 1338 Words

Life circumstances are not always what you may wish them to be, however, your life pattern may take a turn for the worse, rather than wondering which direction your life will turn and accepting the fact that your path is right in front for you, by making a executive decision to enhance your strength and retaining your social and interpersonal skills are required skills to become successful. After reviewing this essay it will give you a clear understanding how to become an independent leader, when your worse circumstance could strongly empower every individual seeking an empowering voice by enhancing their people skills to excel into an extraordinary entrepreneur. The ability to create the â€Å"Voice†; to enhance your people skills when dealing with the outside world professionals, staying motivated when times are not going as planned undecided which direction to turn, however, having huge dreams and creating a successful life as an entrepreneur; but, need the extra push to stir you in the right direction. When the time come and you have critically thought about the ideas as to where you would like to go in life and at some point stop and take the responsibility to train yourself to become well knowledgeable of your framework and integrating these insights will help in ways that address the uniqueness that exist the context in social entrepreneurship. (J.Roberts, Baum,). To be successful in your life, you have to interact with people, be that dare devil to tryShow MoreRelatedModule Code And Title : Bkey401 Professional Competency983 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: BKEY401 Professional Competency Foundation of Independent Learning Student Name: Jaskaran Singh Bakshi Student ID number: W1492024 Seminar leader name: Siriwan Hutangkabodee Word Count: 729 Date: 16/10/2014 Independent learning is that learning in which the learner, in conjunction with relevant others, can make the decisions necessary to meet the learner’s own learning needs. (Kesten, 1987, p3). Independent learning is an important aspect of student’s life.Read MoreSuccessful Teams Within The Organization998 Words   |  4 Pagesof power among the members in each team, created by intentional observation of employee strengths and performance (Pimenta, da Silva, Tate, 2014). It is suggested that teams be held accountable for joint planning, improving communication, and developing a mutual understanding for the shared goals (Pimenta et al., 2014). The major characteristics of the teams are power distribution, team performance, applied goals, shared vision, and measured impacts of integrations of the organization’s proceduresRead MoreA Subset Of Leadership That Is Not Often Discussed Is That711 Words   |  3 Pagesactively follow a leader. Followership is the recip rocal social process of leadership. By implementing the concept of followership, a leader can improve the organization by instilling followers with a sense of responsibility to the organization and inspiring followers to be courageous in finding ways to make a difference. Just like leadership skills, followership skills need a solid foundation and a fostered environment to develop. In developing a followership concept, a leader needs to discussRead MoreLeadership Professional Standards For Nurses1280 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Professional Standard Leadership, one of the seven professional standards outlined by the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO), discusses how nurses are to be leaders in the workplace and with patients. This includes teaching health practices as well as promoting good health. Good leadership is demonstrated through educating future nurses, leading within the workplace, and being part of a nursing groups and organizations. Nurses should be working together to improve the care for all patientsRead MorePersonal Integrity, Trustworthiness, And Credibility1556 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant characteristics of an admired leader (Carroll, 2005). Honesty is judged by behavior that is consistent in words and deeds and in touch with core values and beliefs (Carroll, 2005). By working towards the DNP degree, I am affirming to myself and others that I value and believe in the profession of nursing and I am a life-long learner. It has required both integrity and a moral and ethical criterion to develop a successful business as an independent nurse practitioner in a community whereRead MoreWhat Kind Of Writing And How Much Writing Are Required On The Job?1213 Words   |  5 Pagesand Sr. Leaders. Training and awareness is another core responsibility in this posit ion that requires regular communication, which is communicated via email, blogs and corporate news via business intranet site. 2) How important are oral communication skills as compared to written? Oral communication is more important in my position, as you will be constantly called to address senior leaders, to brief security incidents, threat situation and provide updates on project tasks. As a leader, oral communicationRead MoreReflection of My Leadership1328 Words   |  5 PagesWhen did I become a leader? When did I want to become a leader? Leadership is a process where we lead a people to the directed way. Leader is someone who is can influence others. The first time I realized the leadership potential in my life is when I’m in primary school which is standard 5 when I’m appointed as ketua rumah sukan for sport carnival at my school. As far as I remembered my task during that time is be a liaison to the teacher and student. I also carried a flag during the parade. InRead MoreConvergys Code of Business Conduct1397 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Philosophy Vision: Convergys is the leader in relationship management. They provide innovative solutions that drive more value from their clients’ everyday relationships with their customers and employees. Convergys is acknowledged as a world leader that enables organizations everywhere to enhance the value of their relationships through excellent and efficient outsourcing programs. Convergys provides their clients with new perspectives and solutions to their existing and future relationshipsRead MoreSTRATEGIC LEADER COMPETENCIES 1696 Words   |  7 Pages In December 2001, the Chief of Staff of the Army tasked the Army War College to produce a report which identified Strategic Leader Competencies for the post 9/11 Army. Dr. Leonard Wong and four U.S. Army War College students prepared a report under the direction of the Director of the Strategic Studies Institute. That report produced a list of six meta-competencies.3 Although the title of that report and the materials presented he re have a similar name, that report dealt with soldiers operatingRead MoreLeading A Team Into Change Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Date: 12/12/2014 INTRODUCTION: A team leader is the individual one which provides direction, commands and regulation within a team, he is also a part of team but plays various role for the purpose of achieving a certain goal. An effective leader will know their team members very well as strengths, weaknesses and inspirations. Actually team leader act various roles in an organization or company .Team leader always developing a strategy for the team to reach its destiny and coordinating

Human Rights Of The Korean Camps - 1269 Words

â€Å"Let it begin,† The grim faced man declared as a bony male, covered in grimy rags, was dragged into view. The prisoner had cuts and bruises all over his face and body, showing evident signs that he was thoroughly tortured. The captive man stared blankly off into space, his mind and body both beaten to a pulp, then he started weeping knowing that his life would be coming to an end. He cried out to his family, but was returned with silence and expressionless faces. There were no tears shed for the poor, innocent man when he was shot repeatedly. If his family felt even a slight tinge of remorse for the â€Å"criminal† they too would be executed in the same fashion. This is what is happening in North Korean camps, the enslavement, the torture, and†¦show more content†¦One human right is the right to be given what you need in order to not fall ill, have clothes, a home, and a job. It also states that the old and young are to be recieved special care. Then why i s it that in North Korea and when African American slavery was around, it never happened? In Stolen Into Slavery there was an senile man named Abram, that was ordered to pick the same amount of cotton as everyone else- and to be whipped just like everyone else if he disobeyed. Young children and toddlers also fell ill because of the excessive work given to them, as soon as they were able to walk. What’s even worse is that small rations of food was given out. The slaves were starved and fell sick multiple times, while the masters ate their hoards of food greedily. Similar to that event, there was a famine that struck in North Korea in 1994-1998, where the citizens had to eat grass like cows and tree bark, while the â€Å"all-powerful† dictator had plenty of food to give to the needy. Children, the same age as you, are getting raped and slowly starving to death, with no shelter from the cold weather. Inside the concentration camps, people are not better off, in â€Å"No rth Korea: Accounts from Camp Survivors† from The Huffington Post, Lee Young-Kuk states, â€Å"The prisoners were given very little corn, but cows ate a lot of it. The cow dung had corn in it. So the old men would pick it out and eat it. They had such a strong will to live. it was like

Dr. Zieff And Alexandria - 1167 Words

Results While both leaders came from different backgrounds than public health, Dr. Zieff and Alexandria have similar experiences with leadership. As a woman and a woman of color in a high leadership position, they experience discrimination and prejudice from people. Discussion about relationships emerged from both interviews. Dr. Zieff and Alexandria talked about collaboration and role models. The women also have strong values such as respect, empowerment, and observation. Different Backgrounds Neither participant came from a background in strictly public health, but both eventually became leading professionals in the field. Dr. Zieff started her graduate career in exercise physiology. However, she found that laboratory and clinical approaches did not appeal to her. She became more interested in social sciences, gender and cultural identities, attitudes, and behavior. Alexandria graduated with a degree in journalism and public relations. She stated that her PR role involved influencing people to buy more stuff, but she wanted to move away from it to make her work more meaningful. Both of these experiences shaped their leadership styles. Discrimination Dr. Zieff and Alexandria experienced forms of discrimination as a leader. Neither allowed their gender or ethnicity to discourage them from effectively leading and performing their job. Beyond experiencing biases against women, Alexandria faced discrimination as an African American woman. Through the inequity against her,

Effective Operations Management

Question: Write an essay onEffective operations management? Answer: Effective operations management is directly proportional to the organizational objective. If the operation in a company is not properly regulated, it will directly affect the organizations profitability. The professional managers have the quality to evaluate the level of operation management required for achieving the goal, and they have the expertise in the related field such as finance, marketing, human resource, etc. Operation management relates to the generation of services and goods within the boundary of the organization. The operation management deals with input and output system of the organization. The inputs here are referred to as the competence of the workers, raw materials, machinery, whereas the output involves the distribution of the products and services of the completed goods that were produced for the customers (Lu eta l. 2014).According to Krajewski et al. (2013), Apple is an American multinational company and based on the technological innovative aspects this orga nization is one of the most successful organizations. The hardware products developed by the organization such as iPhone smartphone, iPad tablet computer, Mac computer, iPod, etc. have captured the global market in the last few decades. Apple Incs operation management (OM) consists of the application of ten decisions of the OM in order to ensure the fact that all the aspects of the trade are operating smoothly. The ten decisions involve various aspects such as product design, process and capacity design, quality management and location strategy. The organizations operations management evaluates after monitoring the productivity through different criteria. The organizations international size and miscellaneous activities decode to diverse standards, benchmarks and criterion for yield in unlike business areas. The following are some of the productivity criteria in Apples operations management Revenue per Square Foot,Product Units per Time,Milestone per Time (Burke 2013).Operation man agement is the significant action of management if that facilitates properly and carry out its responsibilities in a well-worse mode then it will enhance the yield ratios of the business as well as. Operation management is linked with the general management procedure and as well as operates. This function aids a lot in improving the production efficiency of the organization. As stated by Sennewald and Baillie (2015), if an effective quality management is established in the core business location, it will enhance the profitability of the business. The importances of quality management are as follows: Quality assurance, the satisfaction of the customer, diminish the risk associated with the business, achieve the strategic objective of the core business, improvement in the performance of the employees, profit maximization, setting of international standards, establish the client loyalty and enlarge in production process. The quality management system is related to the quality check. Bu t ahead of the assessment of quality management process it is vital to be acquainted with the quality process (Hopkin 2014).Apple takes the responsibility of each supplier to reach the highest standards of all the products and services. The requirements of the organization involve the commitment to the precise quality assurance. The ideal suppliers understand the culture and expectations of the organization. As discussed by Sallis (2014), Apple products have better margins than competitors. This enables Apple to consistently create and maintain higher levels of quality. Control over the price is possible because of the uniqueness that is built into every product.Apple has learned to achieve advantages in several unique ways. Vertical incorporation of the manufacturing procedure ensures quality and reaches the objective. The key to reaching the goal is the ability to generate in mass a superior quality good (Goetsch and Davis 2014).In the present generation, the managers identify the impact that measures affect on the performance. But it is also important to realize the importance of measurement as an essential key to the organization's strategy. As discussed by Usichenko et al. (2013), new strategies and innovative process employed by the executives can help in achieving breakthrough performance. In comparison to other multinational companies Apple Inc has made at the top in the booklist, but there are certain backdrops that still exist that need to be implemented in order to maintain its values and standards. In order to improve the operation and quality a SMART goal strategy needs to be followed: Specific In order to achieve the goal the organization needs to involve certain human resources such as the senior management team, executive management team, customers and several other tools. Apple Computer developed a fair scorecard to spotlight on the senior management on an approach which would expand deliberations ahead of gross margin, revisit on fairness, a nd market share. A small steering committee, intimately recognizable with the discussions and strategic thinking of Apples Executive Management Team, chose to focus on quantity categories within all of the four perspectives and to choose numerous dimensions inside each category. Measurement - Apple had been a technology and well-focused organization that competed by manipulative better tools. "Customer satisfaction metrics" were being implemented to adjust employees toward fetching a client-driven organization. The objectives can be achieved by introduction of the "total quality management (TQM)." TQM constitutes the participation from the total organization and needs to be implemented in every aspect of the trading processes. It should focus on the contribution of the workforce, management, suppliers and trade process. Attainable Apple conducts a comprehensive employee survey in each of its organizations every two years; surveys of randomly selected employees are performed more frequently. The surveys questions are concerned with how well employees understand the companys strategy as well as whether or not they are asked to deliver results that are consistent with that strategy. Shareholder value is included as a performance indicator, even though this measure is a result not a driver of performance. The measure is included to offset the previous emphasis on gross margin and sales growth, measures that ignored the investments required today to generate growth for tomorrow. Realistic Yes the goal is realistic. Achievement of a critical doorstep of market share was significant to senior management not only for the understandable sales expansion benefits but also to draw and hold software developers to Apple platforms. Time The time duration required to expand deliberations ahead of gross margin, revisit on fairness, and market share will be at least two years to successfully achieve those (Papp 2014). A trading process is a sequence of actions that describ e necessary resources, tools and scheme to perform errands effectively. Resources such as physical, living and financial are the vital keys of business procedure. Thus, capital is the crucial elements to sustain quality change. The human resources involve the management team and the other staffs, the physical resources relates to the development of the softwares and the IT systems; Internal cash contributes to the financial structure, and e-commerce, social An effective planned strategic quality modification reflects positive manipulations in the Apple. The changes set up broad opportunities and spirited power to compete with competitors. The huge amalgamation of quality softwares and improves in stylish and sleek design helps Apple capture the top position its market share. The unique advertisement endorsement help to maintain their brand loyalty between clients and enhanced supply chain speed up the deliverance time. However, correct proportion of stock accessibility in the depart ments and shops helps to elevate the device sales. Apple, a combination of different brand excellence and cost, depends on the brand. For example, iPhone is excellent quality and advanced in value rather than traditional brand. Apple sales most of the goods in their own trade name, so intended for quality alteration guarantee the quality and value convey to the client is lofty in the standard. The quality strategy implemented in Apple absolutely powerful in their brand position and capable of attracting fresh customer. By producing seasonal design, a fine combination of color difference and stylish, eye-catching items theyThere are diverse systems accessible to monitor the implementation of planned strategic quality change they are as quality circles, quality systems ISO 900, TQM, etc. These systems aids Apple Inc monitor the reason for the increase in the sale after a change in quality and also the reason for the improvement in the quality of services and products are accomplished by innovation and new technology. It is client-focused, strategic and systematic advance to unremitting improvement in quality, innovation and also service of Apple (Haslam et al. 2013).Customer satisfaction is monitored via customer's feedback; organizational performance is measured through comparison with the competitors and lastly benchmarking is done by an understanding of the marketing strategy, day to day operation strategy and value structure.As stated by Backer (2013), the implementation of strategic quality is generally not easily accepted by the workforce, shareholder. To implement it effectively, the essential plan should be constructed and dispersed the pertinent information at the correct time and correct place. The accomplishment plan is a suitable method to execute a strategic quality transformation.Objectives Tasks Success criterion Duration ResourcesIncrease quality of the products Identification of sustainable suppliers, training of staff Employee survey, Customer feedback 3 months Well trained employees, sustainable staffs, designer, adequate fundsIncrease advertisement promotion Marketing campaign, TV advertisement, social media Compare sales turnover, feedback 6 months Close connection with popular face reputed media, experience marketing teamMaintain stock availability Online supply management system, Trained employee Daily record checklist 6 months Well trained employeesThe monitoring is necessary to identify the success and failure of implementation of strategic quality change. MS has developed some monitoring system such as, regular feedback, survey, annual report, and plan A report Apple regularly collecting the feedback from customers to ensure the delivered product are high in quality and addressed the customers expects and demands. Social media like a Twitter and Facebook is the best sources for getting right comments and suggestions from customers. The positive feedback measures how successful of implementation of quality change i n Apple. The employees perform a survey to improve their service quality. Apple generates the trade report in quarter basis. The reports aid to monitor implemented strategic quality change" in a regular basis. The report reflects the qualitative and quantitative data. If sales turnover, liquidity ratio, and profitability, increases all through implementation of quality change, that dealings of Apple would achieve success to attain its objectives (Seabrooke and Wigan 2014). An evaluation that consists of a set of linked strategy projected to bring about a specific outcome. Such assessments help to understand why and how results are or are not being accomplished in implementation of strategic quality change and function of Apple has played. There is a range of tools to appraise the outcomes of strategic quality alteration. Achievement learning tool is utilized to evaluate the results of planned change. This relates the cluster of staffs, helps them to review the activities they had t aken in a quality change process. This would help employees to progress performance in the future (Schwartz and Duhigg 2013). Throughout this action learning process, employees remain more focused. These actions oriented behavior progress their skills and presentation that help Apple to achieve success and defined quality augmentation of the objective. The amplification and declination of sales and profit of Apple evaluate the achievement and failure. This is the quantitative assessment method, which measures fraction or statistical increment in productivity and sales turnover. Thus, Apple can fabricate high quality goods with a competitive cost add to the sales. This helps Apple can generate additional profit. In addition, extra stock accessible in store promotes clients to purchase more products that straight link the enhancement of the sales and profit of Apple. Moreover, serious advertisement promotion pulls customers to purchase more goods. The elevation in sales evaluates the achievement of the advertising strategy plan. The client feedback can be utilized to assess the success of planning strategic quality change. It is taken as deliberation to make an outstanding verdict for improving design and quality of products (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The unbeaten implementation of strategic quality change in the organization is not sufficient to bring out the quality. So normal update in technology, training of employees, establish an outstanding communication channel and nonstop follow up of excellence circles, etc. is essential to advance the quality in the everyday business process. As a quality scrutiny manager, subsequent improvement will be optional to set up strategic quality in Apple. During the quality inspection there is a lack of quality circles in Apple, so it is highly recommended to establish different divisional quality circles, which helps in continuous improvement of quality in services, business process. By doing these activities, Apple will ab le to engage workers in the process of finding and addressing concerns. Moreover, MS should be tracking customer complaints or product defects on a regular basis, and be able to act (Botje et al. 2014). It is suggested that should set up a fresh employees initiated program that teaches employees to spotlight on quality issues from the initial day on the position. Moreover, Apple organizing standard training conference for new personnel as well as obtainable staff to get better their skills and information in order to expand quality in Apple. Lastly, it is suggested that Apple should build up a system that will describe the quality standard of merchandise. Apple plans their product excellence is in the Plan A standard, that is not cleared for the clients. So, it is superior to implement international standards of quality measurement for goods and services to reassure the excellence trusted by clients (Gallear et al. 2012).According to Garza-Reyes et al. (2015), Quality culture is def ined as the organizational culture that contributes to the expansion of effectual and efficient concerned for quality. Apple entrenched quality culture for monitoring and incessant growth of quality in business. Apple focused on satisfying the external burden of clients takes an optimistic approach to prospects and seeks shares good performance. Moreover, the organization tends to examine quality associated with actions and strategies as an answer to externally driven tribulations or challenges. This culture embedding the workers and driven by conformity and accountability, and seeks a chance for rewards.The amalgamation of these two quality culture embeds workers and customer to get better quality in every level of commerce operation. These quality culture aids in monitoring and improving the steadiness in the quality of creation and services, delivered to customers. Thus, article powers the employees, to develop outstanding statement channels and construct up high-quality relation s with patrons. In addition, Apple organized a sequence of workshops for managers and unions.Plan A involves internal and external stakeholders for continuous development of quality culture by organized various activities. Such as, improve the quality of product and services MS involve a customer through survey and feedback. Moreover, Health wellbeing programs ensured customers will get fresh and well-labeled food products, provides awareness about nut allergies. However, minimize the food contamination ((Goetsch and Davis 2014). References: Backer, L.C., 2013. Transnational Corporations' Outward Expression of Inward Self-Constitution: The Enforcement of Human Rights by Apple, Inc.Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 20(2), pp.805-879.Botje, D., Klazinga, N.S., Suol, R., Groene, O., Pfaff, H., Mannion, R., Depaigne-Loth, A., Arah, O.A., Dersarkissian, M., Wagner, C. and DUQuE Project Consortium, 2014. Is having quality as an item on the executive board agenda associated with the implementation of quality management systems in European hospitals: a quantitative analysis. International journal for quality in health care, 26(suppl 1), pp.92-99.Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.Gallear, D., Aldaweesh, M. and Al-Karaghouli, W., 2012. The relationship between total quality management implementation and leadership in the Saudi higher education: a review and conceptual framework.Garza-Reyes, J.A., Rocha-Lona, L. and Kumar, V., 2015. A conceptual framework for the implementa tion of quality management systems. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 26(11-12), pp.1298-1310.Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson.Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson.Haslam, C., Tsitsianis, N., Andersson, T. and Yin, Y.P., 2013, December. Apple's financial success: The precariousness of power exercised in global value chains. In Accounting Forum (Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 268-279). Elsevier.Hopkin, P., 2014. Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers.Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013. Operations management: processes and supply chains. Pearson.Lu, G.Y., Zhao, C.X. and Zhao, Y., 2014, July. Analysis of Effective Operation and Maintenance of Computer Database. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 539, pp. 345-348).Mayfield, C.H., Ohara, P.T. and O'Sullivan , P.S., 2013. Perceptions of a mobile technology on learning strategies in the anatomy laboratory.Anatomical sciences education, 6(2), pp.81-89.Oakland, J.S., 2014. Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge.Ording, B., Jobs, S.P. and Lindsay, D.J., Apple Inc., 2014. User interface for providing consolidation and access. U.S. Patent 8,640,044.Papp, J., 2014. Quality management in the imaging sciences. Elsevier Health Sciences.Sallis, E., 2014. Total quality management in education. Routledge.Schwartz, N.D. and Duhigg, C., 2013. Apples web of tax shelters saved it billions, panel finds. The New York Times, 20.Seabrooke, L. and Wigan, D., 2014. Global wealth chains in the international political economy. Review of International Political Economy, 21(1), pp.257-263.Sennewald, C.A. and Baillie, C., 2015. Effective security management. Butterworth-Heinemann.Usichenko, T.I., Rttenbacher, I., Kohlmann, T., Jlich, A., Lange, J., Mustea, A., Engel, G. and Wendt, M., 2013. Implementation of the quality management system improves postoperative pain treatment: a prospective pre-/post-interventional questionnaire study. British journal of anaesthesia,110(1), pp.87-95.